Oceans, rivers, lakes, wildlife sanctuaries and canals in one place. Pick a category, filter by letter or search, then click any entry to open its facts.
A marginal sea of the Indian Ocean east of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with depths of more than 4,000 m.
About 3.9 million km², with a maximum depth near 4,600 m. Its winds and temperatures drive the Indian monsoon.
About 14.1 million km². The smallest and shallowest ocean, largely covered by sea ice and bordered by Russia, Norway, Greenland, Canada and the United States.
About 106 million km². Split by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; its deepest point, in the Puerto Rico Trench, is roughly 8,400 m.
About 377,000 km². A shallow, brackish sea with limited exchange with the North Sea, so it is sensitive to nutrient pollution.
Roughly 2.2 million km², the largest bay in the world. It receives the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy and many other rivers.
About 2.3 million km², linking the Pacific and the Arctic through the Bering Strait; major commercial fisheries.
About 436,000 km² and up to about 2,200 m deep. Its deep waters contain almost no oxygen.
About 2.75 million km², a warm sea with extensive coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds.
Lies off north-eastern Australia and includes the waters of the Great Barrier Reef.
About 70.6 million km². Drives the South Asian monsoon; deepest point is in the Java Trench, roughly 7,300 m.
The sea off India’s south-west coast that surrounds Lakshadweep and the Maldives, with coral atolls.
About 2.5 million km², linked to the Atlantic by the Strait of Gibraltar, which is only about 14 km wide at its narrowest.
About 570,000 km² and shallow, averaging roughly 95 m. A major fishing ground and offshore energy region.
About 165 million km². The largest and deepest ocean; Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is roughly 10,900 m deep.
About 250,000 km² and shallow, averaging around 50 m. Very saline and warm, and central to global oil shipping.
About 2,250 km long and linked to the Mediterranean by the Suez Canal. Known for coral reefs that tolerate warm water.
Defined by ocean currents rather than coastlines, and named for the floating Sargassum seaweed that gathers there.
A nearly enclosed marginal sea of the Pacific with a maximum depth of about 3,700 m.
About 3.5 million km², one of the busiest shipping routes in the world; maritime boundaries are disputed.
About 21.9 million km². Circles Antarctica and carries the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Treated as a distinct ocean by the IHO since 2000 and by National Geographic since 2021.
The part of the south-west Pacific between Australia and New Zealand.
About 6,400 km. Carries the largest discharge of any river, around 209,000 m³/s.
About 2,900 km in total. Rises in Tibet as the Yarlung Tsangpo and flows through Arunachal Pradesh and Assam before joining the Ganga delta.
About 960 km. A Yamuna tributary through Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, known for its ravines and a protected gharial sanctuary.
About 4,700 km. The deepest known river, with depths beyond 220 m.
About 2,850 km. Flows through or along the border of ten countries to the Black Sea.
About 2,525 km. Rises at Gangotri and reaches the Bay of Bengal, forming the Sundarbans delta with the Brahmaputra.
About 1,465 km. The longest river of peninsular India and the second longest in India after the Ganga.
About 3,180 km in total, flowing from Tibet through Ladakh and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. Its basin supports the Indus irrigation system.
About 800 km from the Western Ghats in Karnataka to the Bay of Bengal in Tamil Nadu; the subject of a long-running water-sharing dispute.
About 1,400 km from the Western Ghats in Maharashtra through Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh to the Bay of Bengal.
About 858 km. Rises in Chhattisgarh and is dammed at Hirakud before reaching the Bay of Bengal.
About 4,350 km. Flows from the Tibetan Plateau through six countries to Vietnam.
About 6,275 km combined. The main river system of the United States, draining into the Gulf of Mexico.
About 1,312 km, flowing west through Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat to the Arabian Sea, unlike most peninsular rivers.
About 6,650 km. Often cited as the longest river; its basin covers eleven countries. Length versus the Amazon is debated.
About 724 km, flowing west through Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat to the Arabian Sea.
About 3,530 km. The longest river in Europe, flowing into the Caspian Sea.
About 1,376 km. The largest tributary of the Ganga, rising at Yamunotri and joining it at Prayagraj.
About 6,300 km. The longest river in Asia, flowing entirely within China.
About 371,000 km². The largest inland body of water; salinity is roughly a third of ocean water.
A large brackish-water lagoon on the Bay of Bengal coast and a Ramsar wetland, known for wintering waterbirds.
Shoreline about 430 m below sea level, the lowest land elevation on Earth. Hypersaline and shrinking.
Deepest lake at about 1,642 m and among the oldest, with roughly a fifth of the world’s unfrozen surface fresh water.
About 82,100 km². The largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area.
About 1,470 m deep, the second deepest lake, and the longest freshwater lake at roughly 673 km.
At about 3,810 m, the highest large navigable lake in the world.
About 68,800 km². Africa’s largest lake and a source of the White Nile.
One of Asia’s largest freshwater lakes and a Ramsar wetland.
Part of the Achanakmar–Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve; forest habitat that supports tigers and leopards.
World Heritage Site since 1978, with a marine reserve and endemic species that shaped Darwin’s ideas.
About 344,000 km². The largest coral reef system in the world, a World Heritage Site since 1981.
Home to most of the world’s greater one-horned rhinoceroses; World Heritage Site since 1985.
Bharatpur’s wetland reserve; a Ramsar site and World Heritage Site famous for migratory waterbirds.
About 19,500 km². A national park since 1926 and a stronghold for the Big Five.
A tiger reserve of dry deciduous forest around a medieval fort.
Site of the Great Migration, with well over a million wildebeest moving with the rains.
The largest mangrove forest in the world and a refuge of the Bengal tiger; World Heritage Site.
Established in 1872 and widely regarded as the first national park in the world.
About 240 km, completed in 1681, linking the Atlantic and the Mediterranean; World Heritage Site since 1996.
About 6.3 km, opened in 1893, cut through rock only about 21 m wide.
Opened in 1825, about 584 km from the Hudson River to Lake Erie.
Opened in 1854 to irrigate the Ganga–Yamuna doab from Haridwar.
About 1,776 km from Beijing to Hangzhou, the longest artificial waterway in the world.
A canal system of roughly 650 km that carries Himalayan river water into the Thar Desert.
About 98 km, opened in 1895, joining the North Sea and the Baltic; one of the busiest artificial waterways.
About 82 km, opened in 1914 and widened in 2016, using locks to cross the isthmus.
About 193 km, opened in 1869, joining the Mediterranean and the Red Sea.
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Figures are rounded and approximate; lengths and areas vary by source. Check primary sources before citing in reports.